Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
facebook
twitter
youtube
linkedin
instagram
Abierto al públicoBeyond BordersCaribbean Development TrendsCiudades SosteniblesEnergía para el FuturoEnfoque EducaciónFactor TrabajoGente SaludableGestión fiscalGobernarteIdeas MatterIdeas que CuentanIdeaçãoImpactoIndustrias CreativasLa Maleta AbiertaMoviliblogMás Allá de las FronterasNegocios SosteniblesPrimeros PasosPuntos sobre la iSeguridad CiudadanaSostenibilidadVolvamos a la fuente¿Y si hablamos de igualdad?Inicio
Administración pública Agua y saneamiento Ciencia, tecnología e innovación Comercio e integración regional Conocimeinto Abierto Desarrollo infantil temprano Desarrollo urbano y vivienda Educación Energía Género y diversidad Impacto Industrias Creativas Medio ambiente, cambio climático y Salvaguardias Política y gestión fiscal Salud Sin Miedos Trabajo y pensiones
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to secondary menu
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer

Enfoque Educación

  • INICIO
  • CATEGORÍAS
    • Desarrollo infantil temprano y educación inicial
    • Docentes
    • Educación y trabajo
    • Financiamiento
    • Género y educación
    • Infraestructura y tecnología educativa
    • Sistemas educativos
  • Autores
  • Español

Peru: The middle income country in search for better learning outcomes

March 6, 2015 por Hugo Ñopo - Mariana Alfonso Deja un comentario


Good news for Peru! Today, students in second grade are learning more than their peers from eight years ago. This is indicated by the results of the Census of  Evaluation of Students, which measures student learning in reading and math. The news is positive in several aspects but, of course, there are still challenges ahead.

First, the country has established the measurement of learning through standardized tests. Since 2007, Peru has implemented standardized tests in math and reading comprehension to students of second grade. Therefore, there is continuity in the test application. It is also good to note that Peru has participated in international measurements of both the UNESCO (LLECE, SERCE, TERCE) and OECD (PISA, 2000, 2009 and 2012). Despite they did not go well on these assessments – especially in PISA where it is compared within the more advanced economies of the world – Peru is one of the few countries in the region to participate in almost all major measurements of the planet.

However, the challenge is to consolidate a national system of learning assessment to measure beyond second grade, and eventually calculate the value added of schools and teachers, combining the national test with international.

The following two figures show the national results for all standardized tests of learning where Peru has participated, sorted by year of birth of students. You can notice the progress in all of them.

Graf 2blogGraf 1 blog

 

Second, the country progressed significantly in the two subjects evaluated. In 2007, the first census of evaluation showed that 16% of students reached the “satisfactory” level (ie, achieved the expected learning outcomes for that grade) in reading comprehension. Today 44% of students reached that level. Something similar happens in mathematics where students with satisfactory level increased from 7% in 2007 to 26% in 2014. But even more important is that this improvement in learning is not only showed in the national assessment, but also in all international assessments which Peru participated.

However, when facing these great progresses, the perspective should not be missed. Peru still has very low learning in their students. Today less than half of second graders reached a satisfactory level in reading comprehension and only one in four students achieved a satisfactory level in mathematics. There is still a long way to go.

Third, in this last year, improvements in learning are given for all and, in several cases, have been in favor of the poor. None of the 26 regions of the country shows reversal learning of students in any of the two subjects. All have improved both. In addition, public-private learning gaps were reduced, especially in mathematics where now is null. Both schools in urban areas and those in rural areas improved their learning.

However, the remaining task here is to improve learning in rural areas. In rural schools only one of six students reach the satisfactory level in reading comprehension and one of eight in math. In PISA, the urban-rural gap is the second widest of the participating countries, only after Hungary. It is necessary to improve the conditions for learning in rural Peru.

What could explain this results? Without venturing to demonstrate causal relationships, here are some scenarios:

  1. Growth and proverty reduction. Children and youth who participated in the latest editions of the tests have been born and raised in a special context of economic growth. This growth,  with an average of 5% per year since 2001, was accompanied by a significant reduction of poverty and improving social indicators such as child malnutrition, which also affect school performance.
  2. Increased coverage in early childhood education. Children who attend preschool have better academic performance in primary and secondary education. In Peru, the primary education net enrollment increased from 58.6% in 2005 to 74.6% in 2012.
  3. Continuing education policies and programs. For example, the base of the reform of the teaching career with the addition of meritocracy was introduced during the administration of President Garcia to be consolidated and deepened during the current Humala administration. The Educational Program of Learning Outcomes (PELA, in spanish), and the main initiative focused on improving learning, also had its beginnings in previous ministerial efforts. This continuity of policies and programs, unusual in our region, has proven to be one of the success factors in countries that have improved education.

Today Peru is considered a middle-income country. By 2014 the income have reached USD 12,000 per capita and have placed the country as the fortieth planet’s largest economy. However, the learning of the population have not yet reached such a world class. Peru has been able to take advantage of the educational positive economic context, but more is needed. This requires persevere the reforms, delving into what has proved fruitful. We hope the future holds better student learning and and this moment constitutes a historic milestone to achieve quality education for all children and young Peruvians.


Archivado bajoEnglish

Hugo Ñopo

Hugo Ñopo is the Lead Economist of the Education at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). As such, he is in charge of leading the Bank’s analytic work on educational issues. Previously, at the Bank, he worked at the research Department and on the analysis, design and implementation of educational projects with the private and public sector. Before joining the IADB he was Assistant Professor at Middlebury College, affiliated Researcher at Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) and advisor at the Ministry of Labor and Social Promotion in Peru. Hugo actively maintains a broad research agenda that includes early child development, gender and racial inequalities in different spheres, educational systems, labor markets, impact evaluation of public policies, and trust and reciprocity among economic agents. His research work has been published in different specialized academic journals and books ( http://ideas.repec.org/e/pno16.html ). Currently he is also a Research Affiliate at the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn, Germany. Hugo Ñopo holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Northwestern University (Evanston Illinois), a MsSc in Mathematical Economics from the Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and two college degrees, one in Mathematics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Lima, Perú) and another in Systems Engineering from the Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (Lima, Perú).

Mariana Alfonso

Mariana Alfonso se desempeña como especialista sectorial líder en la División de Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), donde actúa como punto focal para transversalizar mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático en el programa operativo y analítico del Sector Social. Actualmente esta trabajando en temas relacionados a la transición justa, empleos verdes, programas de protección social responsivos a choques climáticos, entre otros. Entre 2017 y 2019 Mariana fue asesora del Vice-Presidente de Sectores y Conocimiento, con la responsabilidad de supervisar el trabajo estratégico y de conocimiento de la Vicepresidencia. Antes de eso, Mariana trabajó como especialista en Educación, liderando el diseño y ejecución de operaciones de préstamo en varios países y el programa de investigación sobre calidad docente. Mariana se unió al BID en el 2006 como Joven Profesional en el Departamento de Investigación, luego de dos años de trabajar como investigadora post-doctoral asociada en políticas públicas en Brown University. Tiene un PhD en Economía de la Educación de Columbia University.

Reader Interactions

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Primary Sidebar

SIGUENOS

Subscribe

Buscar

Enfoque Educación

"Enfoque Educación" es el blog de la División de Educación del BID, un espacio donde nuestros especialistas y autores invitados comparten sus reflexiones, experiencias y conocimientos para promover discusiones informadas sobre temas educativos entre formuladores de política, expertos, maestros, y padres. Nuestra meta: proveer ideas para que las políticas publicas puedan garantizar una enseñanza efectiva y de calidad para todos los niños y jóvenes de América Latina y el Caribe.

Recent Posts

  • De la imprenta a ChatGPT: el desafío no es la tecnología sino la inequidad en la educación 
  • Educación emocional: La receta de Coschool para cuidar el bienestar en las escuelas
  • Es momento de priorizar la educación y la formación en habilidades  
  • Enseñanza secundaria Meister: El modelo de Corea del Sur para revitalizar la educación técnica y profesional
  • 4 beneficios de aprender a escuchar y los pasos para dominar esta habilidad 

Footer

Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
facebook
twitter
youtube
youtube
youtube

Blogs escritos por empleados del BID:

Copyright © Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo ("BID"). Este trabajo está disponible bajo los términos de una licencia Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin Obras Derivadas. (CC-IGO 3.0 BY-NC-ND) y pueden reproducirse con la debida atribución al BID y para cualquier uso no comercial. No se permite ningún trabajo derivado. Cualquier disputa relacionada con el uso de las obras del BID que no se pueda resolver de manera amistosa se someterá a arbitraje de conformidad con el reglamento de la CNUDMI. El uso del nombre del BID para cualquier otro propósito que no sea la atribución, y el uso del logotipo del BID estarán sujetos a un acuerdo de licencia escrito por separado entre el BID y el usuario y no está autorizado como parte de esta licencia CC-IGO. Tenga en cuenta que el enlace proporcionado anteriormente incluye términos y condiciones adicionales de la licencia.


Blogs escritos por autores externos:

Para preguntas relacionadas con los derechos de autor para autores que no son empleados del BID, por favor complete el formulario de contacto de este blog.

Las opiniones expresadas en este blog son las de los autores y no necesariamente reflejan las opiniones del BID, su Directorio Ejecutivo o los países que representan.

Atribución: además de otorgar la atribución al respectivo autor y propietario de los derechos de autor, según proceda, le agradeceríamos que incluyera un enlace que remita al sitio web de los blogs del BID.



Política de privacidad

Derechos de autor © 2023 · Magazine Pro en Genesis Framework · WordPress · Log in

Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo

Aviso Legal

Las opiniones expresadas en estos blogs son las de los autores y no necesariamente reflejan las opiniones del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, sus directivas, la Asamblea de Gobernadores o sus países miembros.

facebook
twitter
youtube
En este sitio web se utilizan cookies para optimizar la funcionalidad y brindar la mejor experiencia posible. Si continúa visitando otras páginas, se instalarán cookies en su navegador.
Para obtener más información al respecto, haga clic aquí.
X
Manage consent

Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary
Always Enabled

Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.

Non-necessary

Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.

SAVE & ACCEPT