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What is iGOPP Local, and why will it be a key element for cities in the fight against climate change?

January 18, 2024 por Ana María Torres - Fernando Toro - Osorio Urzúa Claudio - Editor: Daniel Peciña-Lopez Leave a Comment

Este artículo está también disponible en / This post is also available in: Spanish


Many urban areas in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) face extreme temperatures, storms, and floods that are exacerbated in intensity and frequency due to climate change. In response to the heightened hydroclimatic threats, cities are implementing a wide range of climate change adaptation measures. This includes disaster risk reduction, not only providing infrastructure solutions such as the installation of flood parks and storm tanks but also nature-based solutions. Another step taken by municipalities is to implement disaster preparedness actions to respond to disasters that surpass the protection threshold of such infrastructure, such as installing early warning systems and setting up response coordination centers, among other measures. Empirical evidence has taught us that all these measures must be accompanied by adequate governance frameworks to facilitate their implementation and make their results sustainable.

Both the Housing and Urban Development Division (HUD) and the Environment, Rural Development, and Disaster Risk Management Division of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) are aware of the challenge faced by our cities in addressing climate action, and we work to support them. It is in this context that the Governance and Public Policy Index for Disaster Risk Management at the Local Government Level (iGOPP Local) is introduced. This tool, designed by the IDB, will assess the governance conditions necessary to implement disaster risk management processes at the subnational levels of our region. Keep reading this article to learn all the details about iGOPP Local and its contribution to mobilizing resources for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA), as well as the experience of three cities where it has already been tested in a pilot project.

Green financing: one of the main challenges for cities

Having financing, along with the adoption of robust regulatory frameworks and adequate institutional arrangements, is one of the three main governance elements that contribute to reducing disaster risk. Seventy percent of the construction or transformation of climate-resilient infrastructure must take place in cities. This means that cities will need to make annual investments of between US$4.5 trillion to US$5.4 trillion by 2030 if they want to meet international climate commitments at the local level. However, often, cities do not have sufficient funds and need to mobilize resources, which is not always an easy task.

One aspect that can support resource mobilization is for cities to have public policies aligned with international initiatives in this regard.

What is iGOPP Local?

With the aim of supporting cities and other subnational governments in strengthening public policies, as well as other challenges of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), the IDB is finalizing the development of the Governance and Public Policy Index for Disaster Risk Management at the Local Government Level (iGOPP Local). This tool is based on the methodology of the national level (Governance and Public Policy Index in Disaster Risk Management – iGOPP).

iGOPP Local allows evaluating the existence and validity of a series of legal, institutional, and budgetary conditions considered essential for the advancement of public policies in disaster risk management and climate change adaptation at the subnational level.

How can iGOPP Local support cities in climate action?

iGOPP Local provides a diagnosis, among other aspects, of the existence of:

  • Normativity that assigns responsibilities for climate change adaptation and DRM.
  • Budget allocation to implement the agenda outlined in public policies.
  • Mechanisms for the control and evaluation of these policies, including community participation.

iGOPP Local is aligned with the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), highlighting the critical importance of policies and investments that strengthen cities’ capacity to respond to climate change.

Regarding policies and investments, as mentioned, to support DRM and climate change adaptation governance in cities, iGOPP Local provides inputs to diagnose the existence of the institutional framework, normativity, instruments, and budget allocations that allow the implementation of public policies for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation at the subnational level.

Pilots to implement iGOPP Local

In 2023, pilots of iGOPP Local were conducted in three cities in the Southern Cone: Iquique (Chile), Montevideo (Uruguay), and Rosario (Argentina).

These cities shared their experience with the IDB during the closing session of the Regional Public Good, held in Asunción (Paraguay) on August 22 and 23, 2023. All of them highlighted that the application of iGOPP Local promoted interdisciplinary work through the construction of collaboration networks with other areas related to DRM and CCA. According to their comments, iGOPP Local allowed them to visualize challenges in accessing financing for the construction or transformation of climate-resilient infrastructure, as well as inputs to strengthen planning instruments.

What is the particular experience of the three pilot cities?

The city of Iquique used iGOPP Local to diagnose normative aspects that could strengthen DRM and CCA governance in its municipality. These normative elements are being incorporated into the update of its Communal Regulatory Plan and its Communal Development Plan.

Montevideo stated that iGOPP Local has provided them with inputs to visualize how to integrate DRM into territorial planning and organization.

Finally, Rosario explained the challenges of accessing financing dedicated to the construction or transformation of climate-resilient infrastructure, especially for the initial phase, including feasibility and pre-feasibility studies that must include disaster risk and CCA analysis.

We are ready to take action

These experiences highlight how iGOPP Local can be used, among other purposes, to diagnose aspects to strengthen DRM and CCA governance, which can, in the future, support resource management for the construction or transformation of climate-resilient infrastructure.

In the Housing and Urban Development Division of the IDB, we are ready to support LAC cities in applying iGOPP Local to strengthen their governance and address the challenges of managing resources to finance the implementation of public policy in DRM and CCA.


Filed Under: Sustainable development, Urban economics

Ana María Torres

Economista de la Universidad de los Andes, con Maestría en Economía de la Universidad de los Andes y en Sistemas de Producción de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Ha trabajado en el sector público en Colombia, en el nivel nacional, y en el nivel subnacional en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C, y con organismos multilaterales. Tiene experiencia de más de 20 años en América Latina y el Caribe en protección financiera contra riesgo de desastres por fenómenos de origen natural, con énfasis en el diseño de políticas públicas para su gestión a nivel nacional, subnacional y sectorial. Como consultora del BID ha acompañado el diseño y la aplicación del Índice de Gobernabilidad y Políticas Públicas para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (iGOPP), el cual contribuye a formular política pública para fortalecer la gobernanza de la gestión del riesgo de desastres y, por ende, el componente de adaptación al cambio climático.

Fernando Toro

Fernando is a Senior Specialist at the Housing and Urban Development Division, Inter-American Development Bank. PhD (c) in Development Planning at the University College London (UCL). MSc in Urban Development Planning from UCL and Master in Real Estate Development from Universidad de Chile. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and ANID Chile Fellow. As academic, has presented his work in Chile, Argentina, Netherlands, Finland, Germany, France, USA and UK, and have been part of the Global Network on Financial Geography advisory Board, Revista de Urbanismo co-editors team and the Global Networks Journal editorial board. His last researches has been published in high ranked scientific journals such as Antipode; Urban Studies; Housing, Theory and Society and Third World Quarterly. Co-author of the book "Habitar Digno y Nueva Constitución" (2021, LOM Ediciones) and "Lo Metropolitano: escala, complejidad y gobernanza" (2024, IADB). Previous professional experience in urban planning, includes consultancies to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development (Chile) and the Inter-American Development Bank on metropolitan areas, regional migration and urban inequality.

Osorio Urzúa Claudio

Claudio Osorio, desde julio 2023 se desempeña como especialista senior en gestión del riesgo de desastres en la División Ambiente, Desarrollo Rural y Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (CSD/RND) del BID, y cuenta con más de 25 años de experiencia en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de políticas públicas para la gestión del riesgo de desastres en diferentes países de América Latina y el Caribe, donde ha tenido la oportunidad de servir para instituciones gubernamentales, agencias del Sistema de Naciones Unidas y Organizaciones no gubernamentales.

Editor: Daniel Peciña-Lopez

Daniel Peciña-Lopez is a specialist in international affairs, external relations and communication. He has more than 10 years of professional experience in diplomatic delegations, and international organizations in cities such as Washington DC, New York, Chicago, Madrid, Mexico City and Hong Kong, among others. Daniel is Master of International Affairs from Columbia University, Master of Science from the University of Oxford Brookes and Licenciado from Universidad Complutense de Madrid. In 2010 Daniel received the First National Award for Excellence in Academic Performance, from the Ministry of Education (Government of Spain) for being the university level student with the highest average GPA score in the country.

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Este es el blog de la División de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano (HUD) del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Súmate a la conversación sobre cómo mejorar la sostenibilidad y calidad de vida en ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe.

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