Since the late 1990s, a broad reform movement has swept Latin America, aimed at granting independence to central banks and freeing them from government pressure to print money to finance government spending. Laws have been passed and constitutions changed to allow independent central banks to focus on the fight against inflation. A more complicated case has been Brazil, where … [Read more...] about When Central Bank Autonomy Makes All the Difference
A New Look at Real Exchange Rates
The real exchange rate — or the cost of a country’s goods relative to foreign goods — has long been a fundamental measure of the strength of a nation's importers and exporters. Among important commodity exporters in Latin America, it is closely tied to the price of commodities. But commodity prices aren't only essential for Latin American trade. Given their critical role as … [Read more...] about A New Look at Real Exchange Rates
When Expectations Push a Country to Default
Countries have long relied on the issuance of debt to finance their expenditures and investments. However, it can be risky. Episodes such as the worldwide debt crisis of 1983, with its dramatic effects on Latin America, and the more recent European debt crisis, show that countries need to be cautious when choosing their debt levels. High levels of debt coupled with periods of … [Read more...] about When Expectations Push a Country to Default